The  Pharaohs

Egypt was ruled by the pharaoh's. The task of the pharaoh was to perserve discipline on all the different area's: social and political structure, the laws of nature, the movement of the stars and planets, the changing of the seasons and the overgflow of the Nile.During all the Egyptian history the pharaoh had total power, but of course he was assisted by a growing amount of civil servants. The Egyptians saw the pharaoh as a god living on earth. They could only make contact with the gods via the pharaoh. He had to mediate in favor of the Egyptians, and carry out the right rituals and offers. Theoretical he was headpriest of every temple in the country; he nominated other priests and gave the temple's their land land and earnings.When the pharaoh died he was kingly burried. His body was embalmed totally, and mummified. Then they lay him in a tombchamber in the pyramid. He had ordered his nationals to built the pyramid.The Old Egypt has known many pharaoh's: Ramses 1and 2, Thoetmosis 1,2,and 3, Echnaton, Thutanchamon, and many others. The last, Tutanchamon, is become very famous, because archeologists uncovered his grave very well.


 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Pharaohs (Alphabetical ordered) 
           
Aahotepre dynasty 16   Neferkare VI dynasty 7/8  
Aaneterire dynasty 16   Neferkauhor dynasty 7/8  
Aha dynasty 1   Neferkaure dynasty 7/8  
Ahmose dynasty 18   Neferneferuaten dynasty 18  
Ahmose II 570 - 526 dynasty 26   Nehesi dynasty 14  
Amenemhat V dynasty 13   Nekau I 672 - 664 dynasty 26  
Amenemhat VI dynasty 13   Nekau II 610 - 595 dynasty 26  
Amenemhat VII dynasty 13   Nepherites I 399 - 393 dynasty 29  
Amenemhat-senebef dynasty 13   Netrikare dynasty 7/8  
Amenemhet I dynasty 12   Nikare dynasty 7/8  
Amenemhet II dynasty 12   Nikare II dynasty 16  
Amenemhet III dynasty 12   Nitocris dynasty 6  
Amenemhet IV dynasty 12   Nubankhre dynasty 16  
Amenemnesoe dynasty 21   Nubuserre dynasty 16  
Amenemope dynasty 21   Nynetjer dynasty 2  
Amenhotep I dynasty 18   Nyuserra dynasty 5  
Amenhotep II dynasty 18   Osorkon I dynasty 21  
Amenhotep III dynasty 18   Osorkon II dynasty 22  
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) dynasty 18   Osorkon III dynasty 22  
Amenmes dynasty 19   Osorkon III 797 - 769 dynasty 23  
Amu dynasty 16   Osorkon V dynasty 22  
Amyrtaios 404 - 399 dynasty 28   Pami  dynasty 22  
Anat-Her dynasty 16   Pepi I dynasty 6  
Anedjib dynasty 1   Pepi II dynasty 6  
Ankhkare dynasty 14   Pepi III dynasty 16  
Antef IV dynasty 13   Peribsen dynasty 2  
Antef V dynasty 17   Petubastis 828 - 803 dynasty 23  
Antef VI dynasty 17   Piankh theban priests dynasty 21  
Antef VII dynasty 17   Piji 750 - 712 dynasty 25  
Apepi I dynasty 15   Pinodjem I theban priests dynasty 21  
Apepi II dynasty 15   Pinodjem II theban priests dynasty 21  
Apopis 1585 - 1542 dynasty 15   Psamtek I 664 - 610 dynasty 26  
Apriës 589 - 570 dynasty 26   Psamtek II 595 - 589 dynasty 26  
Arses 338 - 336 dynasty 31   Psamtek III 526 - 525 dynasty 26  
Artaxerxes I dynasty 27   Psusennes I dynasty 21  
Artaxerxes II dynasty 27   Psusennes II dynasty 21  
Artaxerxes III 343 - 338 dynasty 31   Psusennes III theban priests dynasty 21  
Ay dynasty 13   Qa'a dynasty 1  
Ay  dynasty 18   Qar dynasty 16  
Bakare dynasty 4   Queen Nefrusobek dynasty 12  
Bakare 720 - 715 dynasty 24   Rahotep dynasty 17  
Bebankh dynasty 16   Rameses III dynasty 20  
Cambyses II dynasty 27   Rameses IV dynasty 20  
Darius I dynasty 27   Rameses IX dynasty 20  
Darius II dynasty 27   Rameses V dynasty 20  
Darius III 336 - 332 dynasty 31   Rameses VI dynasty 20  
Dedumes I dynasty 13   Rameses VII dynasty 20  
Den dynasty 1   Rameses VIII dynasty 20  
Djedefre dynasty 4   Rameses X dynasty 20  
Djedher 362 - 360 dynasty 30   Rameses XI dynasty 20  
Djedkara (Isesi) dynasty 5   Ramesses I dynasty 19  
Djedkare II dynasty 7/8   Ramesses II dynasty 19  
Djehuti dynasty 17   Raneb dynasty 2  
Djer dynasty 1   Reniseneb dynasty 13  
Djet dynasty 1   Rudamun 767 - 764 dynasty 23  
Djoser dynasty 3   Sahura dynasty 5  
Hakoris 393 - 380 dynasty 29   Salitis dynasty 15  
Hatshepsut dynasty 18   Sanakht dynasty 3  
Heribre dynasty 14   Sankhibre dynasty 14  
Herihor theban priests dynasty 21   Sehabre dynasty 14  
Hetepsekhemwy dynasty 2   Sehetepibre I dynasty 13  
Hor I dynasty 13   Sehetepibre II dynasty 13  
Hor II dynasty 13   Sekhanre I dynasty 13  
Horemheb dynasty 18   Sekhemkare Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8  
Hori dynasty 13   Sekhemkhet dynasty 3  
Huni dynasty 3   Sekhemre-khutawi dynasty 13  
Ia-ib dynasty 13   Semenenre dynasty 17  
Ibi I dynasty 7/8   Semenkare dynasty 13  
Ibi II dynasty 13   Semerkhet dynasty 1  
Imhotep Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8   Semqen dynasty 16  
Imira-mesha dynasty 13   Senebmiu dynasty 13  
Ined dynasty 13   Sesostris I dynasty 12  
Ini I dynasty 13   Sesostris II dynasty 12  
Intef I dynasty 11   Sesostris III dynasty 12  
Intef II dynasty 11   Seth dynasty 13  
Intef III dynasty 11   Seti I dynasty 19  
Isu Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8   Seti II dynasty 19  
Iti Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8   Setnakht dynasty 20  
Iufni dynasty 13   several kings named Kheti dynasty 9/10  
Iuput I  dynasty 23   Sewadjkare dynasty 13  
Iuput II 764 - 715 dynasty 23   Sewadjkare dynasty 14  
Iytenu Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8   Sewadjtu dynasty 13  
Jacob-Baal dynasty 16   Shabaka 712 - 698 dynasty 25  
Kamose  dynasty 17   Shebitku 698 - 690 dynasty 25  
Kanefertemre dynasty 14   Shepseskaf dynasty 4  
Kashta 770 - 750 dynasty 25   Shepseskara (Isi) dynasty 5  
Khamudi dynasty 15   Sheshi dynasty 15  
Khamure dynasty 16   Shoshenq I dynasty 22  
Khasekhem (Khasekhemwy) dynasty 2   Shoshenq II dynasty 22  
Khatire dynasty 14   Shoshenq III dynasty 22  
Khauserre  dynasty 16   Shoshenq IV 803 - 797 dynasty 23  
Khefren dynasty 4   Shoshenq V dynasty 22  
Khendjer dynasty 13   Siamun dynasty 21  
Kheops dynasty 4   Sihathor dynasty 13  
Khyan dynasty 15   Siptah dynasty 19  
Masaherta theban priests dynasty 21   Smendes I dynasty 21  
Menkamin I dynasty 7/8   Smendes II theban priests dynasty 21  
Menkare dynasty 7/8   Snofru dynasty 4  
Menkauhor (Akauhor) dynasty 5   Sobekemzaf I dynasty 17  
Menkheperre theban priests dynasty 21   Sobekemzaf II dynasty 17  
Mentuhotep I dynasty 11   Sobekhotep I dynasty 13  
Mentuhotep II dynasty 11   Sobekhotep II dynasty 13  
Mentuhotep III dynasty 11   Sobekhotep III dynasty 13  
Mentuhotep IV dynasty 11   Sobekhotep IV dynasty 13  
Mentuhotep VII dynasty 17   Sobekhotep V dynasty 13  
Merenhor dynasty 7/8   Sobekhotep VI dynasty 13  
Merenptah dynasty 19   Suserenre dynasty 17  
Merenre I dynasty 6   Taa I (Senakhetenre) dynasty 17  
Merenre II dynasty 6   Taa II (Seqenenre) dynasty 17  
Meridjefare dynasty 14   Taharqa 690 - 664 dynasty 25  
Meri-Hathor dynasty 9/10   Takelot I  dynasty 22  
Merikare dynasty 9/10   Takelot II dynasty 22  
Merikare dynasty 13   Takelot III 774 - 767 dynasty 23  
Merkheperre dynasty 13   Tanutamun 664 - 657 dynasty 25  
Mykerinos dynasty 4   Taweseret dynasty 19  
Narmer dynasty 1   Tefnakht 727 - 720 dynasty 24  
Nebfaure dynasty 14   Teti dynasty 6  
Nebirau I dynasty 17   Thamphthis dynasty 4  
Nebirau II dynasty 17   Thutmose I dynasty 18  
Nebmaatre dynasty 16   Thutmose II dynasty 18  
Nectanebo I 380 - 362 dynasty 30   Thutmose III dynasty 18  
Nectanebo II 360 - 343 dynasty 30   Thutmose IV dynasty 18  
Nedjemibre dynasty 13   Tutankhamen dynasty 18  
Neferefre (Ra) dynasty 5   Unas dynasty 5  
Neferhotep I dynasty 13   User-anat dynasty 16  
Neferibre dynasty 14   Userkaf dynasty 5  
Neferirkara (Kakai) dynasty 5   Userkaf dynasty 6  
Neferirkare II dynasty 7/8   Wadjkare Attested Kings nothing  more is known of dynasty 7/8  
Neferkahor dynasty 7/8   Wasa dynasty 16  
Neferkamin II dynasty 7/8   Wegaf dynasty 13  
Neferkare dynasty 9/10   Xerxes dynasty 27  
Neferkare II dynasty 7/8   Yakbam dynasty 16  
Neferkare III dynasty 7/8   Yakubher dynasty 15  
Neferkare IV dynasty 7/8   Yoam dynasty 16  
Neferkare V dynasty 7/8   Zaket dynasty 16  
         
Greek (time ordered) 
           
Macedonian Kings     Roman Emperors  
Alexander the Great  332 -323   Augustus 30 BC - 14 AD  
Phillipos Arrhidaeos  332 - 317   Tiberius 14 - 37  
Alexander IV 317 - 304   Gaius Caligula 37 - 41  
      Claudius 41 - 54  
Ptolemaic Kings     Nero 54 - 68  
Ptolemaios I Soter I 305 - 282     Galba 68 - 69  
Ptolemaios II Philadelphos 285 - 246     Vespasianus 69 - 79  
Ptolemaios III Euergetes I 246 - 222     Titus 79 - 81  
Ptolemaios IV Philopator 222 - 205     Domitianus 81 - 96  
Ptolemaios V Epiphanes 205-180     Nerva 96 - 98  
Ptolemaios VI Philometor 180-164, 163-145     Trajanus 98 - 117  
Ptolemaios VII Neos Philopator 145     Hadrianus 117 - 138  
Ptolemaios VIII Euergetes II 170-163, 145-116     Antoninus Pius 138 - 161  
Ptolemaios IX Soter II 116-110, 109-107, 88-80     Marcus Aurelius 161 - 180  
Ptolemaios X Alexander I 110 - 109, 107 - 88     Lucius Verrus 161 - 169  
Ptolemaios XI Alexander II 80     Commodus 180 - 192  
Ptolemaios XII Neos Dionysos 80 - 58, 55 - 51     Septimus Severus 193 - 211  
Berenice IV 58 - 55     Caracalla 198 - 217    
Cleopatra VII 51 - 30     Geta 209 - 212    
Ptolemaios XIII 51 - 47          
Ptolemaios XIV 47 - 44          
Ptolemaios XV Caesareon 44 - 30          
           
Byzantine (time ordered) 
           
Eastern Roman Emperors          
           
Arab (time ordered) 
           
Governor of Egypt for Rashidun Khalifs (640 - 658)        
Governors for Umayyad Khalifs (658 - 750)        
Governors for Abbasid Khalifs (750 - 868)        
Tulunids (868 - 905)          
Governors for Abbasid Khalifs (905 - 935)        
Ikhshids (935 - 969)          
Fatimid Khalifs (969 - 1171)          
Ayyubid Sultans (1169 - 1250)        
Bahri Mamluk Sultans (Dawlat al-Turk) (1250 -1382)        
Burji Mamluk Sultans (Dawlat al-Jarkus)  (1382 - 1517)        
Pashas for Ottoman Sultans (1517 - 1805)        
French occupation under Bonaparte (1798 - 1801)        
Muhammad Alids (1805 - 1953)          
Republic declared (March 1953)